I always use a double-sided iron-on adhesive and favor Heat-n-Bond lite for onesies and t-shirts. It adds the extra stabilizer you need to sew without anything getting stuck in the hole. The adhesive has a paper side which I draw the appliqué design onto, then iron it onto the fabric, cut out, peel paper off, iron it onto onesie and sew. I've made dozens of shirts now which have been washed and worn alot without problems.
You may also check your tension and be sure its not too high. From my own experience, I've noticed that the thicker the fabric, the higher the tension number. I usually have mine set at 2-3 for onesies.
Lastly, I don't try to do any intricate designs onto onesies. For something like a monkey or horse, I will sew the appliqué onto a square "patch" and then sew the simple square onto the onesie. The thin knit of the onesie will not handle multiple turns or heavy stitches well.
Keep trying. I love an appliquéd onesie/shirt. It's a quick and easy way to add a special touch.
